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UFO Skeptic |
Issues of the Journal of UFO Studies
New Series
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- "Hypnosis and UFO abductions: A troubled
relationship," by Thomas E. Bullard
- "The Delphos case: Soil analysis and
appraisal of a CE-2 report," by Erol A.
Faruk
- "Science and the extraterrestrial hypothesis
in ufology," by Michael D. Swords
- "Issues forum" on UFO abductions, with
contributions by Robert A. Baker, Peter M. Rojcewicz, Stuart
Appelle, Don C. Donderi, Hilary
Evans, Jean Mundy, Robert A. Baker, Michael D.
Swords, Richard F. Haines
- Book reviews on: UFOs 1947-1987: The 40-year
search for an explanation; The spectrum of UFO
research
- "Post-traumatic stress disorder and reported
UFO abductions," by John P. Wilson
- "A review of Australian ufology," by
Keith Basterfield, and others
- "Personalities of UFO
experiencers," by
June O. Parnell and R. Leo Sprinkle
- "The Omega Project: A psychological survey
of persons reporting abductions and UFO
encounters," by Kenneth Ring and Christopher
J. Rosing
- "Issues forum" on tectonic stress
theory, with contributions by Paul Devereux,
Michael A. Persinger, Michael Grosso, David M.
Jacobs, Chris A. Rutkowski, Michael D. Swords
- Book reviews on: UFOs in the 1980s; Earth
lights revelation
- "Folkloric dimensions of the UFO
phenomenon," Thomas E. Bullard
- "Psychosocial characteristics of abductees:
Results from the CUFOS abduction project,"
by Mark Rodeghier, Jeff Goodpaster, and Sandra
Blatterbauer
- "Double abduction case: Correlation of
hypnosis data," by John S. Carpenter
- "Research note: Delphos, Kansas, soil
analysis," compiled by Michael D. Swords
- Book review on: The report on unidentified
flying objects
- "Analysis of alleged fragments from an
exploding UFO near Ubatuba, Brazil," with
contributions by Michael D. Swords, Walter W.
Walker, and Robert W. Johnson
- "How children portray UFOs," by Linda
Kerth and Richard F. Haines
- "Astronomers, the extraterrestrial
hypothesis, and the United States Air Force at
the beginning of the modern UFO phenomenon,"
by Michael D. Swords
- "The prevalence of abductions: A critical
look," by Robert L. Hall, Mark Rodeghier,
and Donald A. Johnson
- "Suggested techniques for hypnosis and
therapy of abductees," by David M. Jacobs
and Budd Hopkins
- Book reviews on: They call it hypnosis; Hidden
memories; The emergence of a phenomenon; Secret
life; Angels and aliens; Anomalous experiences
and trauma
- "The Falcon Lake case: Too close an
encounter," by Chris Rutkowski
- "Thematic content analyses of the reports of
UFO abductees and close encounter witnesses:
Indications of repressed sexual abuse," by
Susan Marie Powers
- "Ethics Code for Abduction Experience
Investigation and Treatment," by the
Abduction Study Conference Ethics Committee
- "An assessment of the crop circle
phenomenon," by Joachim P. Kuettner
- "Historical links between the occult and
flying saucers," by David W. Stupple
- "Further quantification of distance-related
effects in the Trans-en-Provence case," by
Michel Bounias
- Book review on: Demons, doctors, and aliens
- Literature reviews on SETI/ETI and UFOs, and crop
circles, by Michael D. Swords
- "Psychotherapy for the UFO abduction
experience," by David A. Gotlib
-
- The author presents a strategy for
counseling and psychotherapy for the UFO
abduction experience. The importance of a
global approach to the client is
emphasized, particularly with respect to
diagnosis of causative or comorbid
medical or psychiatric illness, and
identification of underlying emotional
trauma. While this approach assumes no
particular theory of causality, there is
value in addressing themes in clients'
lives that are reflected in abduction
narratives. The role of cognitive style
(abstract vs. concrete thinking) is
suggested as a possible key
characteristic determining how an
individual copes with the abduction
experience.
- "The abduction experience: A critical
evaluation of theory and evidence," by
Stuart Appelle
-
- Prevalent hypotheses regarding the
etiology of the abduction experience are
examined, especially in regard to the
existing evidence. Deception,
suggestibility (fantasy-proneness, hypnotizability, false-memory syndrome),
personality, sleep phenomena,
psychopathology, psychodynamics,
environmental factors, and event-level
alien encounters are each considered as
origins of the abduction experience. The
data are discussed in terms of what is
and is not consistent with theory, the
concept of parsimony, and the need for
converging lines of evidence in
establishing linkages between fact and
theory. On the basis of this analysis, it
is argued that no theory yet enjoys
enough empirical support to be accepted
as a general explanation for the
abduction experience. The concept of the
abduction experience as a multicausal
phenomenon is discussed, and suggestions
for future research are provided.
- "Anomalous images on videotape from Space
Shutle Flight STS-48: Examination of the
ice-particle explanation," by Jack Kasher
-
- On September 15, 1991, one of Space
Shuttle Discovery's TV cameras captured
several anomalous, glowing objects that
floated along and then sharply changed
direction, apparently in response to a
flash in the lower left portion of the
picture. The x and y
coordinates of several of the objects
have been obtained, frame by frame in
1/30-second intervals, from a 640 by 480
grid imposed on a videotape of the
events. Numerical derivatives were taken
for two of the objects, yielding their
velocity curves. The data have been
analyzed to determine whether the
objects' motions are consistent with ice
particles accelerated by the exhaust from
one of the Shuttle's vernier
attitude-adjustor rockets. The analysis
leads to five separate proofs that the
objects were not ice particles, and
therefore were objects out in space away
from the Shuttle.
- "The University of Colorado UFO project: The
"Scientific Study of UFOs," by Michael
D. Swords
-
- Because of its unique place in UFO
studies, the 1967-68 Air Force-sponsored
"Scientific Study of UFOs" is
claimed by many academics to have been a
definitive statement about the UFO
phenomenon. This article examines the
origins, personnel, methodological
debates, activities, problems, and
results of the project. The key questions
of intellectual prejudice and the
coherence of results to conclusions are
raised. The answers indicate a chapter in
the history of science more subjective
and embarrassing than scientific.
- "A reference guide for the Condon
Report," by Willy Smith
-
- A comprehensive identification of the
cases discussed in the Condon Report is
provided, including dates, places, and
evaluation. Each one of the incidents has
been analyzed following the criteria of
the UNICAT Project and has been
incorporated into either the UNICAT (U)
or the MAYBECAT (M) databases.
- "Donald E. Keyhoe and the Pentagon: The rise
of interest in the UFO phenomenon and what the
government really knew," by Michael D.
Swords
- "Fewer sightings in the national press: A
content analysis of UFO news coverage in The
New York Times, 1947-1995," by John C.
Hickman, E. Dale McConkey II, and Matthew A.
Barrett
-
- Suspicion that the tone of UFO news
coverage is biased is common among both
ufologists and critics of ufology.
Unfortunately, published empirical
research on the tone of news coverage is
rare. This paper reports findings from a
systematic content analysis of UFO news
events covered by The New York Times
from 1947 to 1995. Our multivariate
regression analysis reveals that the tone
of coverage is significantly dependent on
the story frame, article length, and year
of publication. Whether the news event is
given an episodic or systematic story
frame exercises the strongest effect on
coverage tone.
- Book reviews on: Alien discussion: Proceedings
of the Abduction Study Conference held at MIT;
Close encounters of the fourth kind; Encounter at
Buff Ledge; The gods have landed; Watch the
skies!
- "Geophysical parameters and UFO sighting frequencies," by
Edward J. Zeller and Gisela Dreschhoff
-
- Reports of UFO sightings were assembled into a database spanning
many decades of this century. These data have been subjected to a
comparative study with geophysical parameters. The parameters
encompass the high-energy components of the radiation reaching earth,
such as galactic cosmic rays. This study is based on the assumption
that UFOs spend substantial periods of time at altitudes where the
radiation shielding of the atmosphere is diminished. However, when
solar-modulated galactic cosmic rays reach the near-earth environment,
UFOs may appear deeper within the atmosphere, and so sighting
frequencies are increased. A modest but significant correlation is
found between sighting frequencies and cosmic ray intensity,
suggesting that further statistical investigations are warranted.
- "A search for possible causal associations between UFOs and
perturbations in recorded geophysical data," by Joseph S. Accetta
-
- This paper presents the results of an extensive search for
perturbations in recorded geophysical data in time coincidence with 73
high-quality UFO reports. The data searched include solar, ionospheric,
and geomagnetic recordings routinely archived at the World Data Center
in Boulder, Colorado. No absolutely consistent trends are found;
however, several possible associations are noted, especially with the
sporadic E layer in the ionosphere.
- "Project Sign and the Estimate of the Situation," Michael
D. Swords
-
- Upon becoming aware of the explosion of reports of anomalous aerial
phenomena over the U.S. in the summer of 1947, the U.S. Air Force
became alarmed and instituted emergency studies of the "flying
disks." Quickly this task was delegated to Wright-Patterson AFB’s
intelligence division, and in January 1948 became a formal project,
Sign. This paper details the history of Project Sign and the Estimate
the project produced suggesting that the extraterrestrial (spacecraft)
hypothesis (ETH) was the best explanation for the phenomenon. The
Pentagon wouldn’t accept this, and their refusal led to a major
debate on the ETH, which resulted in the ultimate breakup of the
Project Sign team. The early confrontation set the tone for USAF
behavior toward UFOs for the next two years, and with the exception of
Capt. Edward Ruppelt’s era, until the cessation of the formal USAF
project in 1969.
- "Evaluation degrees of anxiety and perceptions in a group of
abduction experiencers," by S. Peter Resta
-
- Twenty-self identified alien-experiencer subjects were administered
a form of the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and a questionnaire on
various perceptions associated with their abduction experience(s).
Experiencers evinced significantly greater degrees of anxiety based on
normative data in the test and also demonstrated significantly greater
anxiety than a control group. Results were interpreted to offer
support to studies that find anxiety-related problems in abductees.
Experiencers were also questioned about such perceptual matters as
whether or not they felt special to have been chosen for abduction by
either benevolent or malevolent entities, and if the experience was
seen as tantamount to rape. Responses suggested ambivalence regarding
such appraisals.
- Abductions under fire: a review of recent abduction
literature," by Thomas E. Bullard
-
- Book reviews on The Biological Universe: The Twsentieth-Century
Extraterrestrial Life Debate and the Limits of Science, At the
Threshold: UFOs, Science, and the New Age, and The Cash-Landrum
UFO Incident.
-
- "The Implant Motif IN UFO ABDUCTION LITERATURE,"
by Keith Basterfield
-
The recurring theme of implants in UFO abduction lore
is examined. A comprehensive survey of English-language UFO literature
uncovered 84 such accounts. This article reviews the views and comments on this
topic by UFO researchers, and undertakes an analysis of the limited data
available. Suggestions for future research are provided.
- "New Analysis of Soil Samples From the Delphos UFO
Case," by Phyllis A. Budinger
-
Many analyses have been performed on soil exposed to a purported UFO release in
Delphos, Kansas, which occurred in late 1971. Beginning in 1999, a new set of
data from numerous analytical tests was generated using state-of-the-art
equipment. The goal of this analysis was to determine the molecular composition
of the material released by the UFO. Solid and conclusive data presented in this
paper accomplished this identification to the extent that the chemical
composition of the release is at minimum 95% characterized. The issue of release
degradation over the years is certainly debatable and probably not resolvable.
However, this analyst believes that it did not suffer major degradation because
past analytical data from the ring soils compare favorably to those tests that
were repeated in the current analysis.
- "False Memories and UFO Abductions," by Thomas E.
Bullard
-
Most psychological research identifies abduction
experiencers as mentally normal people, yet mainstream psychologists typically
dismiss abduction accounts as false memories of impossible events. This
conclusion grows out of a heated 20-year controversy over recovered memories of
child sexual abuse and satanic ritual abuse, where proponents argue that the
mind represses memories of events too terrible to recall, while opponents see
fantasies created by the suggestions of therapists. A review of the recovered
memory debate and research findings about the malleable, reconstructive nature
of memory enable the ufologist to understand that abductions—and investigative
methods used to recover them—really are similar in many respects to memories
of abuse and their recovery. A verdict is inescapable that true and false
memories are indistinguishable by content alone. Some people readily create
memories for an imagined event or even a fictitious life history, and charge
those memories with full emotional conviction. Yet the apparent close parallels
between memories of abduction and recovered memories of abuse diverge when
alleged abuse survivors manifest psychological abnormalities that abduction
experiencers do not share. Elaborate accounts of satanic rituals also fail to
exhibit the consistency of unexpected content and sequence that characterizes
abduction reports. Although there is no denying the human capacity to create
false memories of abduction, some differences suggest that recovered memories of
abuse originate in the false memory process while abduction memories remain
independent of it.
- "Analysis of Photograph of A High-Speed Ball of
Light," by Richard F. Haines
-
This pilot sighting report and color photograph
of an unidentified aerial phenomenon (UAP) called for a number of different
forensic methods including photoanalysis, aircraft-window study,
camera-lens-film analyses, and evaluation of reporter credibility. The
single-frame, Kodak color, copy negative was submitted for examination by one of
the several eyewitnesses. This paper describes the results of these analyses,
from which several conclusions can be made. Whatever the UAP was, it was
probably in subsonic flight. If the UAP was traveling at subsonic speed, the
estimated total sighting duration and/or its estimated distance from the witness
are clearly in error by a factor of two or more. No evidence of a hoax or double
exposure was found, nor were any bolides, meteorites, or other unidentified
aerial phenomena reported for that time and place. The luminance of the main
body of the object and immediately adjacent tail area were so high they fully
saturated (exposed) the relatively slow film. This may explain why the
photograph does not correspond closely to what was seen. The film’s optical
density, as measured along the length of the white tail behind the UAP, changed
in a peculiar fashion and is not characteristic of reflected sunlight off
water-droplet vapor. Interesting microdetails were discovered that suggest the
possibility of some type of energy emissions extending from the UAP but not
necessarily in the direction of its flight. The nature of the UAP and
constitution of its atmospheric trail remains unknown at this time
High-resolution color versions of figures in Haines'
article
Book Reviews
-
Steven
J. Dick, ed. Many Worlds: The New Universe, Extraterrestrial Life,
and the Theological Implications. Philadelphia: Templeton
Foundation Press, 2000. 217p.
-
David
Lamb. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence: A Philosophical
Inquiry. New York: Routledge, 2001. 210p.
-
Allen
Tough, ed. When SETI Succeeds: The Impact of High-Information
Contact. Bellevue, Wash.: Foundation for the Future, 2000. 182p.
-
David
M. Jacobs, ed. UFOs and Abductions: Challenging the Borders of
Knowledge. University Press of Kansas, 2000. 382p.
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